Evidentiary Strategy in Land Dispute Cases

In land disputes, the primary evidence is generally the land title certificate issued by the National Land Agency (BPN), although a certificate is not absolute and can be annulled if a procedural or substantive defect is proven under Law No. 5 of 1960 on Basic Agrarian Principles.

A lawyer needs to trace the chain of ownership (the land's origin), proof of land and building tax payments (PBB), and boundary-witness testimony to strengthen the client's position. A request for BPN to re-measure the land and expert land-surveyor testimony are also often used as supporting evidence in court.